Tetanus Vaccine

Result of tetanus (Tetanus), which is also known as Tetanus contamination of injuries, wounds and scratches deep Bobwag bacteria Clostridium tetani ( of Clostridium Tetani ). 

Type: Toxoid cleaner

Tetanus Vaccine

When these spores infiltrate the body, the bacteria spores multiply and release toxic substances that spread through the blood circulation and lymph channels and reach the nervous system, then cause muscle spasms called tetanic spasms, as well as pain and septic paralysis in the extremities, jaws , skeletal muscles and respiratory muscles.

In the absence of treatment, the patient may develop global stiffness, convulsions, respiratory arrest and death as a result of paralysis of the respiratory muscles. When the poison reaches the nerves, the effect of the poison cannot be neutralized by antitoxins.

If bacterial infection is suspected in an unvaccinated person or a person who has been partially vaccinated, the treatment is then adjuvant or supportive treatment such as respiratory therapy, administration of antibiotics, administration of muscle relaxants and an ineffective vaccine with Toxoid containing antibodies to the toxin .

Tetanus can be prevented by an effective tetanus toxoid vaccine, which consists of a toxin that has been sterilized, modified, and diluted. 

Vaccination method

Methods of receiving the vaccine include:

1. Intramuscular injection: It is injected into the thigh muscle in infants and children, while it is injected into the arm muscle known as the deltoid muscle in adults.
2. Subcutaneous injection (Subcutaneous-SC): When there is a problem with blood clotting , thrombocytopenia or another problem related to bleeding, it is recommended to inject under the skin for fear of bleeding when injecting. Caution should be exercised when vaccinating people with diseases related to blood clotting, such as thrombocytopenia and haemophilia, especially when the vaccine is injected into the muscle, for fear of bleeding in such cases. Subcutaneous injection is recommended instead of intramuscular injection.

preparations

No special preparation is required, as the injection site must be sterilized and wait until the injection site dries.

Event start:

Antibodies are produced in the body within two weeks and a month after receiving the first three doses of the vaccine, the efficacy of the vaccine reaches 99%, as the body enjoys effective protection after receiving all vaccine doses.

Effective time

5 - 10 years.

Special warnings

Risks

This vaccine is considered safe to use and the side effects associated with it are usually mild and disappear automatically, but the vaccine is not recommended in the following cases:

1. If the person has had a severe hypersensitivity to the vaccine in the past, or a hypersensitivity to one of the vaccine components.
2. In case of febrile illness, it is advised to postpone vaccination.

During pregnancy:

It is not recommended to receive this vaccine during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester of pregnancy. However, receiving the tetanus vaccine during pregnancy is not a reason to terminate the pregnancy, as the benefits of receiving the vaccination during pregnancy are considered against the potential risks.

Breast feeding:

No cases have been documented regarding the effect of receiving the tetanus vaccine during breastfeeding, so it is not recommended to breastfeed when receiving the vaccine and when there is an urgent need, the benefits are considered against the potential risks.

Babies and Babies

The safety and efficacy of this vaccine has not been established in infants before six weeks after birth, when it is recommended to start vaccination after six weeks.

Elderly:

Older people usually aren't vaccinated with the tetanus vaccine and no special problems have been observed.

Interaction with other drugs

Drug interactions of tetanus vaccine with immunosuppressive drugs include the following:

• Undergoing chemotherapy.
• Corticosteroid therapy.
• Undergoing radiotherapy.

Vaccination schedule

Details

The tetanus vaccine is included in the list of routine vaccinations in many countries, and the tetanus vaccination schedule provides for the following steps:

• Children are vaccinated in three doses at the age of 2, 4, and 6 months.
• Take a booster dose at 1 year of age.
• Children are vaccinated with two additional boosters in the school setting at the age of 7 and 13 years.
• The vaccine that children receive at the age of 13 is a double vaccine and contains two components of the vaccine: one is anti-tetanus and the other is anti-diphtheria. It is then recommended to receive the tetanus vaccine once every ten years.

• In the event of a wound or injury with suspected infection, a booster dose is recommended if it has been 5 years since the last booster dose.

• Contrary to popular belief, there is no direct relationship between pricking a rusty nail and the risk of tetanus. The tetanus vaccination is a routine vaccination for infants, school-age children, and then it is recommended to receive a booster dose of the vaccine every ten years.

Side effects

 Common side effect

Common side effects associated with the tetanus vaccine are localized and resolve spontaneously and usually appear within 24 hours after receiving the vaccination and are:

• the appearance of redness.
• Pain and swelling at the injection site.

 Rare side effects

Rare side effects include:

• Subcutaneous sclerosis and local inflammation.
• A moderate rise in body temperature shortly after receiving the vaccine within 24 hours after the vaccination, and this fever subsides quickly.
• Excessive allergic reaction appears immediately after vaccination.
• Extremely rare side effects

In some very rare cases, cases have been documented:

• Severe allergic reaction.
• A dangerous but transient nervous reaction to nerve injury This condition appears within the first six weeks after receiving the vaccine.

List of countries and regions recommended to receive vaccination before traveling to it:

Country: Saudi Arabia

Necessity: preferred

Note: Vaccination is preferred for pilgrims if more than 10 years have passed since the series of basic vaccinations or since the last booster dose was given. The vaccination is given with a diphtheria vaccination (double vaccination).

Edit This Article