Type: acellular graft (key proteins of the virus)
Disease caused Pertussis (Whooping Cough) injury of respiratory tract infection with the bacterium Bordetella pertussis (Bordetella Pertussis) where he moves just like the flu whooping cough in the respiratory tract from the mouth, nose , and cause damage to mucous layers gels especially in infants and children.
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| pertussis vaccination |
The disease begins with the appearance of mild symptoms of inflammation such as coughing, sneezing and acute cold, and later the cough appears in the form of long episodes resembling wheezing, and complications of pertussis may appear, such as respiratory arrest, pneumonia and encephalitis, which may cause disability and even death, where the risk of death is one case of Among every 200 infection.
The pertussis vaccine is a combination of the DTP (Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis) vaccine given to infants and children and included in the routine immunizations.
The pertussis component of the vaccine
is acellular (not viral) and contains virus proteins that stimulate the production of antibodies in the body to create the antigenic vaccine.
However, the effectiveness or efficacy of the vaccine decreases over the years. Adults who have previously received the pertussis vaccine may acquire the infection and develop symptoms of the disease, but they are less severe. Therefore, adults in some countries are vaccinated with a booster dose of the pertussis vaccine.
Vaccination goal: Prevention of pertussis.
Vaccination method
Methods of administering the vaccine include:
1. Intramuscular IM
The vaccine is given by intramuscular injection, the location of which varies according to the age of the individual, as follows:
- To vaccinate infants and children up to the age of seven, the vaccine intended for children must be used, and it is recommended that it be injected into the thigh muscle.
- For children over the age of seven and for adults, it is preferable to use the intended vaccine for adults, and it is recommended to inject the vaccine into the muscle of the arm (the deltoid muscle).
2. Subcutaneous injection (Subcutaneous - SC)
When there are problems related to blood clotting, thrombocytopenia or other health problems related to bleeding, it is recommended to inject the vaccine under the skin instead of intramuscularly, for fear of bleeding upon injection.
Preparations
There is no need for special preparations, but the injection site must be sterilized and wait until it dries.
Effective time
At 12 years of age, vaccine efficacy begins to decline 3-5 years after receiving the last booster dose.
Risks
It is not recommended to vaccinate people with the following:
Convulsions by the pertussis vaccine.
Those who had previously had problems related to encephalitis.
Having a fever.
Having a history of hypersensitivity to the vaccine or hypersensitivity to one of the vaccine components.
During pregnancy:
There is not enough clinical information available to confirm the safety of using this vaccine during pregnancy, although there are no reports of harm to the mother or fetus after receiving this vaccine.
Breast feeding:
There is not enough clinical information available that the benefits of receiving this vaccine should be weighed against the possible side effects.
Babies and Babies
The efficacy and safety of the pertussis vaccine in infants under six weeks of age has not been established.
Elderly:
Age-related caveats include:
- Adults over 65 years of age should not be vaccinated with this vaccine.
- The vaccine intended for children should not be used for the vaccination of adults.
Interaction with other drugs
All treatments that suppress the immune system include:
- Chemotherapy.
- Corticosteroid therapy.
- Radiation therapy.
- Vaccination schedule.
Details
The following is an explanation of the steps for administering the vaccine:
1.The initial vaccination protocol involves the administration of three doses of the vaccine starting at the age of two months with a time difference of 6-8 weeks between doses.
2.A first booster dose is added between 6-12 months of age after the third dose of the vaccine, usually at 1 year of age.
3.The following vaccination protocol includes the administration of a booster dose at the age of seven.
4.Sometimes an additional pertussis booster may be needed in adolescence or adulthood for fear of disease onset.
Side effects
The common side effects that may appear when receiving the vaccination with this vaccine disappear automatically, and these effects are represented by the appearance of the following:
- redness.
- swelling.
- Pain at the injection site.
A moderate rise in body temperature may occur during the first hours after the vaccination, and this rise is accompanied by the following:
- lack of calm.
- nervousness.
- Refuse to eat.
- crying.
The vaccine may also provoke a rare side reaction represented by a high fever, where the body temperature may rise to 40.5 or more, and may be accompanied by convulsions, as this reaction disappears without leaving long-term effects.
List of countries and regions recommended to receive vaccination before traveling to it:
Country: Italy
Necessity: preferred
Note: In countries such as Germany and Italy, the pertussis vaccination rate is not high, and pertussis is still spreading
Country: Germany
Necessity: preferred