Chickenpox vaccine
Varicella spreads among children between the ages of 1-5 years.
Type: live attenuated viruse
 |
| Chickenpox vaccine |
While infection is possible at all ages. Varicella is a highly contagious and rapidly spreading disease in which the infection with the varicella virus is transmitted through the respiratory tract, contact with eye secretions, touching the wounds of a person with chickenpox or contact with infected objects.
Symptoms of the disease appear 10-21 days after transmission of the virus. These symptoms are the appearance of a characteristic rash of skin spots where the rashes cause itching and sometimes accompanied by fever, weakness and headache. These purulent vesicles contain varicella viruses and are highly contagious.
The stage of infection begins two or three days before the appearance of symptoms and until the size of the vesicles increases after 5-7 days from the appearance of the rash, while the healing phase begins automatically after 7-10 days and without the emergence of special complications, as these vesicles cause itching and secondary infection may occur in the wake of itching.
Complications of varicella
Bacterial infection of infected skin spots, bacterial infection in the blood (Sepsis) and disseminated pneumonia and even the risk of death, and this disease may cause in pregnant women in the first trimester , especially malformations such as deformities in the limbs, eyes and brain damag.
After recovery, the body produces antibodies that give the body immunity for life, but the virus remains present in the brain tissues, but in a state of inactivity, and thus varicella may activate again when various factors are available that suppress the immune system. In such circumstances, the dormant virus may activate and cause the future spread of disease known as herpes zoster ( herpes zoster.
The active varicella vaccine is used as a successful preventive measure to prevent the onset of varicella and its complications, as the active varicella vaccine is a live attenuated vaccine that contains attenuated virus and leads to the production of varicella antibodies and thus leads to prevention of varicella infection in 80-90% of case.
When people who were previously vaccinated with the varicella vaccine are infected, this leads to the emergence of the disease in its mild form, as experiments have shown that this vaccine is successful and safe to us.
Directions
Vaccination goal
To prevent chickenpox.
Vaccination method
The vaccine is given by injection under the skin (Subcutaneous-SC) into the upper region of the deltoid muscle.
Preparation
The vaccination does not require special preparations, but the injection site must be sterilized and then wait for it to dry.
Event start
After the expiration of three days.
Effective time
Years 7-10.
Special warnin
Risk
- There are no special warnings. The varicella vaccine is a live-attenuated vaccine, and the vaccination itself may cause varicella to develop in a mild form, characterized by the appearance of blisters or a few spots on the skin two weeks after receiving the vaccine.
- This vaccine should not be given to people with compromised immune system or to people with reduced immunity due to chemotherapy or radiotherapy, as these people may develop chickenpox to a difficult degree due to the decline in the immune capacity in their bodies.
- The attenuated virus may be transmitted from a person who has received the vaccine to people in his close environment. It is recommended that, for six weeks from the day of receiving the vaccine, the person who has received the vaccine and those around him who are at risk are as follows:
- Patients immunodeficient (Immunosuppressed).
- Pregnant women who have not had the disease in the past or who have not received the chickenpox vaccine in the past.
- Children of unvaccinated women.
During pregnancy
Vaccination with the varicella vaccine is contraindicated during pregnancy because the effects of this vaccine on the fetus are not yet known.
Breast feedin
There is no information available regarding the effect during breastfeeding, as the virus may be transmitted to the infant.
Babies and Babi
No special issues were recorded.
Elderly
No clinical information is available.
Interaction with other drugs
Include the following:
- Children and adolescents should not use any salicylates such as aspirin for six weeks after vaccination, because they have a rare risk of developing Reye's Syndrom.
- Immunosuppressive drugs may cause disease after receiving the vaccine.
- Severe hypersensitivity to the antibiotic neomycin may occur.
- It is not recommended to be vaccinated with the Varilrix vaccine simultaneously with the live attenuated vaccine, but it is necessary to wait at least six weeks between vaccinations with the two vaccines.
This vaccine can be given together with other vaccines included in the routine vaccination program for children, but these vaccines must be injected into different parts of the body. Get vaccinated against chickenpox at least one month before being vaccinated with the measles vaccine.
Vaccination schedule
The first dose at the age of one year.
The second dose at the age of six years.
Details
This vaccine is intended for healthy children 1 year of age or older as follows:
- Children aged 1-12 years are vaccinated with one dose.
- Children 13 years of age and older are vaccinated with two doses, keeping an interval of at least six weeks between the two doses.
Side effects
Side effects include the following:
1. Common side effects
They are localized and resolve spontaneously and may include:
- the pain.
- Redness and swelling at the injection site.
- A rise in body temperature, but not a sharp rise.
2. Less common side effects
Include the following:
- Body temperature above 39 degrees Celsius.
- vesicle-like rash.
- weakness.
- Discomfort.
- nausea.
- vomiting.
- Diarrhea.
- Inflammation of the upper respiratory tract .
- cough.